11.3. Capacitance

Capacitors are electrical components used in almost all electronic devices around us. They are really useful for a number of reasons, including timing, smoothing and rectification. They are remarkably simple in their structure - two conductive parallel plates separated by an insulator. The main function of a capacitor is to store electrical charge, one plate being positive and one plate being negative. We are going to explore a bit into the structure of these things, as well as how they can be useful in circuits. 
Before we do, I'd like to introduce you to 'ElectroBoom', aka Mehdi Sadaghdar - a YouTuber who puts up lots of great electricity videos, most of which involve him shocking himself in various elaborate ways. Here he looks at these capacitor things.